Stages of Lung Cancer
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In stage 0, malignant cells in the mucous secretions are present but tumor is not yet visualized. In stage I, tumor is localized in the area where it originated. There is no regional lymph node and distant metastasis. If the tumor size is less than 3 centimeters, with no evidence of invasion, it is still considered stage I. In stage II, tumor size is greater than 3 centimeters, and is now invading the pleura. There is already spread or direct extension to nearby nodes. In stage III, tumor has already extended into adjacent structures. Atelectasis or pleural effusion associates this stage. There is metastasis to the mediastinum and nearby nodes. In stage IV, the tumor now invades the mediastinum containing the heart, vessels, trachea, esophagus, and vertebral body. Malignant pleural effusion exists. Distant metastasis is present.